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Chronic kidney disease
Up To Date — INTRODUCTION - Chronic kidney disease (CKD, also called chronic renal failure or chronic renal insufficiency) is defined in the following way: A structural or functional kidney abnormality that persists for at least three months, OR Some people ...More…
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Polycystic kidney disease
Up To Date — INTRODUCTION - Normally, the kidneys filter out excess toxic and waste substances and fluid from the blood. In people with polycystic kidney disease, the kidneys become enlarged with multiple cysts that interfere with normal kidney function. This ...More…
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How common is shingles?
NHS Direct — Information on Shingles from NHS Choices including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, risks and treatment and with links to other useful resources Joanne, who has shingles, describes her symptoms and treatment and how she manages the ...More…
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Are your periods healthy?
NHS Direct — A period is a bleed from the uterus (womb) that is released through the vagina. It happens approximately every 28 days, although anywhere between 24 and 35 days is common. A period is part of a woman's menstrual cycle. It is possible for your ...More…
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Kidney-infection
NHS Direct — Information on Kidney infection from NHS Choices including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, risks and treatment and with links to other useful resources Kidneys are vital to our health, yet many of us don't know what they do or where they are A ...More…
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Tackling middle-aged spread
NHS Direct — Information on Hernia from NHS Choices including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, risks and treatment and with links to other useful resources A hernia can occur anywhere in the abdomen region. The most common types are: There is also another common ...More…
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Facts on allergies
NHS Direct — Information on Asthma from NHS Choices including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, risks and treatment and with links to other useful resources Asthma causes the airways of the lungs (the bronchi) to become inflamed and swollen. The bronchi are small ...More…
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If you feel unwell ...
NHS Direct — Official NHS information on the swine flu outbreak, including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, risks and treatment If you have flu-like symptoms and have recently returned from Mexico or another affected country, or if you are concerned because you ...More…
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High blood pressure treatment in children
Up To Date — INTRODUCTION - This topic discusses the treatment options for children and adolescents with high blood pressure. The causes and diagnosis of high blood pressure in children are discussed separately. (See "Patient information: High blood pressure ...More…
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High blood pressure in children
Up To Date — INTRODUCTION - Blood pressure (BP) refers to the pressure that blood applies to the inner walls of blood vessels. High blood pressure is also called hypertension. Although hypertension is more common in adults, it often develops during childhood ...More…
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Protein in the urine (proteinuria)
Up To Date — INTRODUCTION - The kidneys primary function is to remove wastes and excess water and salts from the blood. Kidneys receive blood through the renal arteries (show figure 1). The blood flows into filtering units in the kidney called nephrons (show ...More…
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The nephrotic syndrome
Up To Date — INTRODUCTION - The term nephrotic syndrome refers to a group of signs and symptoms that occur in people with kidney (renal) disease. This syndrome may occur in association with a variety of kidney diseases as well as other diseases, such as ...More…